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You use the SQL*Loader to load external data into an Oracle table. Sometimes, though, you need to use some external data but don t want to go to the trouble of loading the data into a table. The external tables feature offers some of the SQL*Loader utility s functionality. External tables let you use data that resides in external text files as if it were in a table in an Oracle database. In Oracle Database 10g, you can write to external tables as well as read from them. External tables are dealt with in detail in 13.

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Similar to the C++ free store (new/delete) and the heap (malloc/free), the lifetime of a memory allocation on the managed heap is not bound to a method call or a scope within a method call. The lifetime of a memory allocation on the managed heap is controlled by a garbage collector (GC). Therefore, this managed heap is also referred to as the garbage-collected heap, or simply the GC heap. To differentiate allocations on the native heap from allocations on the managed heap, the operator gcnew is used. The following program creates a new instance of System::String with the value aaaaaaaaaa on the GC heap, and writes its value to the console: // gcnew.cpp // compile with "cl /clr gcnew.cpp" int main() { System::Console::WriteLine(gcnew System::String(L'a', 10)); }

The LogMiner utility lets you query online and archived redo log files through a SQL interface. As you know, redo log files hold the history of all changes made to the database. Thus, you can use the LogMiner to see exactly which transaction and what SQL statement caused a change, and if necessary, undo it. 16 shows you how to use the LogMiner tool for precision recovery.

Oracle Database 10g provides several utilitarian tools for scheduling jobs and managing database and server resource usage, and they re outlined in the following sections.

Now here is where the real script begins. We start a loop that iterates through all the usernames in the passwd file.

The new Scheduler facility lets DBAs schedule tasks from within the Oracle database, without having to write shell scripts and scheduling them through the operating system. The Oracle Scheduler feature uses functions and procedures of the new DBMS_SCHEDULER package. The basic components of the Oracle Scheduler are jobs, programs, and schedules. The Oracle Scheduler offers much more functionality than using the old DBMS_JOBS package. You can now create common jobs and schedules that you can share across users. You can also group similar jobs into job classes and use resource plans to prioritize resources among resource consumer groups. You can schedule PL/SQL and Java programs as well as operating system shell scripts through the Scheduler. You ll find a complete treatment of the Oracle Scheduler in 18.

The Database Resource Manager lets you exercise control over how the server resources, especially CPU resources, are allocated among your users. You first group the users according to common resource requirements, and you then create directives that dictate how resources are to be allocated to these groups. The Database Resource Manager controls how long the sessions run, thus ensuring that resource usage matches the stated objectives. I discuss the Database Resource Manager in detail in 11.

Traditionally, Oracle DBAs had to exercise great care in setting numerous initialization parameters, and they would spend quite a bit of their time tweaking those parameters, trying to achieve an ideal database configuration. Oracle started a major push toward a self-managing database with the 9i version, and Oracle Database 10g takes that effort further, offering a more complete set of selfmanaging features, especially in the performance-tuning area. In the long run, the goal is to automate all routine tasks and free up the DBAs and other professionals to use their time to further the strategic interests of their businesses. The following sections summarize the main automatic management features in Oracle Database 10g.

Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM)

To line up the text in the final report in columns and make it a little more readable, you might like to create some padding spaces based on the length of the username to be reported.